See clawan on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "clow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "claw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "clawen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "clow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "claw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "clawe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "clow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "claw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "clowe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "clow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "claw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Southwest Midland"
],
"word": "clawy"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "clow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "claw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Promptorium Parvulorum",
"conflated with clawian"
],
"word": "clawyn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klauwjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klauwjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*klawjaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to claw, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *klawjaną (“to claw, scratch”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "Cognates"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*clōien"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *clōien",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "clôyen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch clôyen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klauwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "remodelled after the noun"
},
"expansion": "(remodelled after the noun)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*clawian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *clawian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "klâwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German klâwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "klawēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German klawēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kleuen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German kleuen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "klauen"
},
"expansion": "German klauen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "remodelled after the noun (compare dialectal or obsolete <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">kläuen</i>"
},
"expansion": "(remodelled after the noun (compare dialectal or obsolete kläuen)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "klá"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse klá",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kláa"
},
"expansion": "Faroese kláa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "klá"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic klá",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "klå"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk klå",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "klā"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish klā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "klå"
},
"expansion": "Swedish klå",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A modification of earlier *clīeġan by analogy with the noun clawu and other verbs in strong class VI with short -a- in the present, such as dragan, from Proto-West Germanic *klauwjan, from Proto-Germanic *klawjaną (“to claw, scratch”).\nCognates\nCognate with Old Dutch *clōien, *clouen; Middle Dutch clôyen, clooien, clouwen; Dutch klauwen (remodelled after the noun) klooien; Old Saxon *clawian; Middle Low German klâwen; Old High German klawēn, chlawēn, klawjan; Middle High German kleuen, klæwen; German klauen (remodelled after the noun (compare dialectal or obsolete kläuen)); Old Norse klá, kleyja; Faroese kláa; Icelandic klá; Norwegian Nynorsk klå; Old Swedish klā; Swedish klå.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "VI",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "clawan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clawenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clōw",
"links": [
[
"clōw",
"clow#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clæwst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clōwe",
"links": [
[
"clōwe",
"clowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clæwþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clōw",
"links": [
[
"clōw",
"clow#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clawaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clōwon",
"links": [
[
"clōwon",
"clowon#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clōwe",
"links": [
[
"clōwe",
"clowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clōwen",
"links": [
[
"clōwen",
"clowen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "claw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clawaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clawende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clæwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeclæwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeclawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clawan"
},
"expansion": "clawan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clawan<s6>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to claw or scratch"
],
"id": "en-clawan-ang-verb-t0MRo4NA",
"links": [
[
"claw",
"claw"
],
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "clawian"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈklɑ.wɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈklɑː.wɑn/"
}
],
"word": "clawan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "clow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "claw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "clawen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "clow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "claw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "clawe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "clow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "claw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "clowe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "clow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "claw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Southwest Midland"
],
"word": "clawy"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "clow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "claw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Promptorium Parvulorum",
"conflated with clawian"
],
"word": "clawyn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klauwjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klauwjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*klawjaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to claw, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *klawjaną (“to claw, scratch”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "Cognates"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*clōien"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *clōien",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "clôyen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch clôyen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klauwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "remodelled after the noun"
},
"expansion": "(remodelled after the noun)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*clawian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *clawian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "klâwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German klâwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "klawēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German klawēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kleuen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German kleuen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "klauen"
},
"expansion": "German klauen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "remodelled after the noun (compare dialectal or obsolete <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">kläuen</i>"
},
"expansion": "(remodelled after the noun (compare dialectal or obsolete kläuen)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "klá"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse klá",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kláa"
},
"expansion": "Faroese kláa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "klá"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic klá",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "klå"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk klå",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "klā"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish klā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "klå"
},
"expansion": "Swedish klå",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A modification of earlier *clīeġan by analogy with the noun clawu and other verbs in strong class VI with short -a- in the present, such as dragan, from Proto-West Germanic *klauwjan, from Proto-Germanic *klawjaną (“to claw, scratch”).\nCognates\nCognate with Old Dutch *clōien, *clouen; Middle Dutch clôyen, clooien, clouwen; Dutch klauwen (remodelled after the noun) klooien; Old Saxon *clawian; Middle Low German klâwen; Old High German klawēn, chlawēn, klawjan; Middle High German kleuen, klæwen; German klauen (remodelled after the noun (compare dialectal or obsolete kläuen)); Old Norse klá, kleyja; Faroese kláa; Icelandic klá; Norwegian Nynorsk klå; Old Swedish klā; Swedish klå.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "VI",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "clawan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clawenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clōw",
"links": [
[
"clōw",
"clow#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clæwst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clōwe",
"links": [
[
"clōwe",
"clowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clæwþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clōw",
"links": [
[
"clōw",
"clow#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clawaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clōwon",
"links": [
[
"clōwon",
"clowon#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clōwe",
"links": [
[
"clōwe",
"clowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clōwen",
"links": [
[
"clōwen",
"clowen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "claw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clawaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clawende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clæwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeclæwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeclawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clawan"
},
"expansion": "clawan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clawan<s6>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 6 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to claw or scratch"
],
"links": [
[
"claw",
"claw"
],
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "clawian"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈklɑ.wɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈklɑː.wɑn/"
}
],
"word": "clawan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for clawan meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.